Political Interference in Texas Judicial System

The American judiciary system has two systems, which are federal and state courts systems. The difference between federal and county court system is powers allocated for each. Federal courts formation is under constitutional mandate of federal government judiciary. Meanwhile, the state court systems formation is under judiciary chapter of state government constitutions. State government judiciary undertake judicial responsibility not allocated to federal judiciary system under federal constitution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political Interference in Texas’ Judicial System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Federal court system consists of U.S. district courts, U.S. circuit courts of appeal, U.S. court of appeal, U.S. court of claims and U.S. court of international trade. Texas court system consists of a number of courts including, courts of limited jurisdiction, county courts, courts of general jurisdi ction, intermediate court of appeals and highest appellate courts that are Texas Supreme Court and Texas Court of criminal appeals. They are three main models of choice of judges, which are merit choice, appointment and choice. Merit choice approach to judge choice development was in 1913 initially, but adoption was until 1940, Missouri. Election of judges under merit choice lacks political interference unlike other modes of choice. In appointment choice, governors politically appoint judges to their given jurisdiction vacancies. In judge choice through election, judge’s choice is by popular vote. With exception of municipal courts, the Texas courts of limited jurisdiction, county courts, courts of general jurisdiction, intermediate and highest appellate courts carry out partisan elections to choose judges. In partisan choice, judge choice is by ability to fundraise highest for their party within their jurisdiction level. In addition to this, their party uptake in the state a ssembly will decide their eventual choice. These affect judiciary in a two-prong way that is judicial candidates have to align with a particular party and secondly, they have to seek funds from special interest groups and business people. The question that arises is whether the judges will remain judicial independent when they face cases from parties, or people who contributed to their campaign. Secondly, judges who provide quality judgments laden with experience miss selection in favor of higher party contributors. The result of partisan choice of Texas State judiciary is a public perception of it being pro-money, in the market for highest bidders. An additional view is that of Texas judiciary being pro-plaintiff awarding favorable judgments to plaintiff contributors of the judiciary. Citizens’ trust and confidence in Texas State courts is at a low due to these anomalies that partisan choice creates in the judicial system. Political influence in Texas judicial system is a c ause of alarm. Among spirited campaigners against partisan election, include former Texas State Supreme Court Chief Justice Phillips who frowned upon the effect of campaign money in partisan judicial elections, Texas. Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The American Bar Association (ABA) acting on findings of its Task Force on Lawyers Political Contributions altered its model ethics code. It set contribution limits, initiated judge campaign disclosures standards and proposed judge self-disqualification from hearing cases of judge campaign participants. It further declared its commitment to the merit election of judges. Enjoining in the fray are community welfare groups. U.S. citizens residing in Texas will not enjoy their full legal benefits if partisan election of judges does not change to merit selection. It also goes against a basic right of the constitution, which provides for right of a fair hearing before a neutral judge. This essay on Political Interference in Texas’ Judicial System was written and submitted by user Leilani Pennington to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Industrialization dbq essays

Industrialization dbq essays In the early 19th century, as industrialization began to take place in America, the lives of American citizens changed drastically. Manufacturing was becoming a greater part of the economy than agriculture, and transportation was changing the ways of life for everyone. By the middle of the 19th century, U.S. manufacturing surpassed agriculture in value, and by the end of the century, it was the worlds leader. For some people, this change was great, but for others, it only led to more hardships. Inventions from the late 18th century provided for the factory systems that were to be used in the early 1800s. The ideas of Samuel Slater, who used British secrets to help develop American industry, contributed to the factory system very greatly. In the 1820s, New England became the countrys leading manufacturing center because of the areas abundant waterpower to operate new machinery, and its good seaports for shipping goods. The decline of New Englands overseas industry made money available for manufacturing. Other northern states such as New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania followed the example made by New England. The factory system quickly began to expand. This expansion led to more jobs for people, more consumer goods, and less imports. In this way, the expansion benefited the colonies. At first, it was hard to find workers for the mills and factories, because factories had to compete with the lure of cheap land in the West. Textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts recruited young farm women and housed them in company dormitories. Many factories looked at the Lowell System as an example, and manufacturers began to employ young children. These girls were fed, housed, and there were even parties thrown for them. Aside from this good treatment, the regulations in Lowell were strict. They were not to be absent from their work without consent of the overseer, and they were engaged to the system for...

Marketing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing research - Essay Example the marketing feedback progression, marketing research offers decision makers with information on the usefulness of the existing marketing strategies and provide comprehension of the required modifications. Second, marketing research is the most important instrument for discovering new opportunities in the marketplace. Research plays a significant role in the development of marketing strategies for all kinds of organizations. Similarly, marketing research is essential for recognizing the target market for a product or service along with the effectiveness of pricing strategy, promotional activities and distribution of the products and services. Thus, marketers should consider marketing research an essential tool for effective marketing. Businesses, in the cotemporary world, are very different from those of the past. Business today is far more aggressive in their search of success. With the development of the Internet, competitiveness has gone global. A business that wants to continue to be competitive and be successful will need to understand the products and services that their target market needs and desires. This kind of information can only be obtained from marketing research. Not only will they need to understand what products and services should be introduced in the market, but also the success of their existing products and services. Information regarding what the company is doing right and what it could use to make their products and services better is fundamental to a business’ success. Therefore, it is only with the accurate information that companies can develop their marketing strategies or adjust the existing ones (Pride & Ferrell 2007). Philip Kotler (2006) defined marketing as â€Å"a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through developing, providing, and exchanging products and services of value with others. It is the process of planning and performing, pricing, promotion, and delivery of

Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Marketing - Research Paper Example But notably high withholding tax rate barriers imposed on distributions in excess of previously tax profit, that is $28 million in Uruguay (Gilson, p. 66-72). Interest ranging at $8.3 million in Brazil, at $15.3 million in Uruguay, $12 million in Chile and $11.6 in Peru; with specially reduced withholding tax rates on interest paid to financial institutions ranging at $4.4 million in Chile, $15.05 million in Uruguay, $5.9 million in Peru and at $19.7 million in Brazil The total gas sales in 2013 ranged at $ 263 million in Chile which accounts for 37% of the total sales in that year. Sales for lubricant oil was at $162 million, accounting for 16% of the sales. (Eicke, p. 16-25). In Peru, the company made gas sales worth $106 million, which accounts for 51% the sales it made in the three countries. The sales for lubricant oil were at $102 million, accounting for 24% of the sales (Jurich, p.

Competency based HR Activities&8207 in Oman Private sector Dissertation

Competency based HR Activities† in Oman Private sector - Dissertation Example The vision as outlined in its HRD strategy (Vision 2020) is: â€Å"To develop human resources and the capabilities of the Omani people to generate and manage technological changes efficiently, in addition to facing the continuously changing local and international conditions, in a way that ensures maintaining the Omani traditions and customs.† The need to diversify in order to reduce its reliance on oil is of major importance and the expectation is that the private sector will be most able to help the country to realise that vision. According to Potter (1989, p.26) effective localisation (Omanisation) occurs when a local (Omani) filling a job is sufficiently competent to fulfil organisational needs. The strategies by which the Government of Oman plans to achieve its long-term â€Å"Vision 2020† plan are: sustainable development within a stable macroeconomic framework; human resources development; diversification of the economy; and development of the private sector (UNE SCO Report n.d.). ... Challenges The dependence on expatriate labour has serious consequences politically, economically and socially (Rees et al 2007). Oman along with other Middle Eastern countries has been highly dependent on expatriate workers for advanced technical and professional expertise and manual labour (Aycan et al 2007, p. 13). Human capital is recognised as the means to social progress and economic development, and therefore the development of Omanis is seen as the key to the realisation of Oman’s vision. This is especially important with the emphasis that has been has placed on Omanisation. According to Ghailani and Khan (2004) the private sector is viewed as one of the main vehicles for growth and development through which greater employment generation is likely to occur. In the long run Omanis rather than expatriates are expected to promote efficiency and effectiveness in the private sector (Al-Hamadi et al 2007). In this regard the Government’s social policy and specifically that connected with the development of the skills of Omanis has taken priority as it strives to enhance the capacity of its people to participate effectively in the country’s development (UNESCO Report n.d.). Another challenge is the increasing unemployment of Omanis, especially those who have only completed secondary education. This situation exists amidst the high percentage of expatriates employed in the private sector. Omanis remain reluctant to take up certain positions in the private sector. Al-Hamadi et al (2007, p.104) states that data suggests that Omanis have a preference for certain sectors while they reject others such as construction and other manual jobs. Therefore, there are doubts that targets for certain industries in the private sector will ever be met without some

Current Issues In Marketing

Current Issues In Marketing This report aims to discuss social network marketing, which is a current issue in the field of marketing. The report seeks to describe the importance and advantages of marketing on social networks for restaurants, particularly 21 Hospitality Group of restaurants. We also draw upon some issues which should be taken care of, when businesses go ahead with such approach to marketing. Introduction The internet and other digital media have transformed marketing (Chaffey, 2006). Customers are rapidly embracing the internet, so organization must have an effective visibility on Internet to prosper. The internet also has evolved over time, it is no longer just a source of information (Hof, 2006). The human need to share, cooperate and socialize has driven people to create their lives online. A relatively new but most popular means of achieving this is through social network sites such as Facebook, MySpace, Orkut, LinkedIn etc. A social networking site can be defined as one that allows Internet users the ability to add user-generated content such as: comments, review, feedback, ratings, or their own dedicated pages. (Burns, 2007) They provide a virtual community for members interested in a similar subject or just want to hang out together. Voice, instant message, conference and blogs, are the usual means by which members communicate in a social network site. (www.computerhope.com, 2010) (www.mlc.executiveboard.com, 2008) As social networking sites become part of life of their members, they have become a potentially useful marketing tool. Social networking sites are an important medium to reach a diverse demograpy, including young generation, women, business consumers, and older individuals. Research shows that over 80% of consumers trust advice from friends online, which is thrice that of via traditional media, while making any purchase (Ward, 2007) This report discusses issues in using social networking site for marketing and how it is relevent to restaurants and The 21 hospitality group (Cafe 21 group) in particular. Social networks and marketing The standard marketing mediums of television, radio, and newspaper are constantly losing their effectiveness. As consumers are spending more time online, companies are beginning to follow them to the Internet. Companies striving to be relevant, especially among younger consumers, are increasingly tailoring marketing campaigns specifically to social networks. Such campaigns hope to interact with customers over time, in what companies hope will be in a memorable way. (King, 2006a) Burger King managed to make more than 114,000 friends on MySpace, in a successful marketing strategy where they created a profile for their mascot, The King. Through their site, users could watch free episodes of many TV. As Gillian Smith, Senior Director of Media and Interactive at Burger King puts it, Consumers respect us more as a brand if we are giving them something they can use. (King, 2006b)Every industry is using social networking media for marketing, brand awareness campaigns, consumer engagement and reputation monitoring. The restaurant industry is no different. Restaurants are a social medium of interaction among people offline, so going online is just a natural extension.  Restaurants also have advantage over other industries using social networking media. Social media is about visuals, sharing ideas, talking and telling stories. Similarly food is also very visual, both physically and emotionally. It evokes conversations, experiences, memories, and stories that people s hare. This is what social networking websites are all about! Chances are that if its a restaurant people talk about them online, discuss, rate and recommend them to friends. Chatter is happening. It may be very beneficial for restaurants to know whether it is going good, bad or in between to keep their business successful and popular. (Fruchter, 2009). This way they can adapt better to customer prefere nces and delight. Social marketing has distinct advantages which make it a vital tool for a marketing campaign. The members of social networking sites are niche groups with particular interests. These specialized members are a highly-targeted audiences.(Burns, 2007). Return on Investment is one of the most important criteria for any marketing campaign. For businesses such as restaurants, social marketing is one of the cheapest methods. Considering that fact that such sites vastly improve visibility, restaurants ultimately get good publicity for free. Also traditional e-marketing tools like banners and link ads are losing their charm as not many people trust them. But with social marketing, restaurants can give a more human emotional touch to attract potential customers. Social marketing helps to spread information fast (me, 2010). It also creates interactive bond with the customers. Social Networking Ideas (for cafà © 21 Group) 21 Hospitality group should adopt a comprehensive marketing strategy on social networks. They can start by creating profiles, networks and blogs on facebook, twitter etc. On these, they can feature aspects of a restaurant each week, such as inside the kitchen, basic cooking tips, greetings from a hostess along with her favourite appetizers, drink recipes from the bartender, and so on. People will get to know employees and food better, which creates an intimate and welcoming atmosphere when they visit the restaurants. They can hold contests where people vote for favourite menu item, submit their own ideas for a dish or dessert to be served. This will make the customers feel empowered. The groups website and profile page should be mentioned on brochures, menus and bills to get people log in to them and connect. Most members have their birthdays and anniversaries listed on such site which can be used to give discounts to prospective members on special occasions. This method will make the customers feel good and attract them to the restaurants. Cafe 21 Group should inform customers about new events, menus and happenings through these sites. Also they should invite reviews and feedbacks from their customers. They should go all out to please the customers as the customer is always the king. (Mehta, 2009). The feedbacks will be helpful for the group in providing better services. In addition, Cafe 21 group can visit other local restaurants on these sites, befriend them and comment on their pages. Customers, who dont know Cafe 21, may become aware by seeing those comments. Also, they can tie up with web  sites  dedicated to tourism in North-East and include a link to Cafe 21 groups site on their page. Things to look out for Before diving straight into social networking, a planned approach is required, especially for frequent users who will most likely spread the news about the food and services to other users and their friends. It is essential to emotionally connect with them and make them friends of the brand (Li, 2007) Cafe 21 Group also need to pick the apt sites, the one that most closely matches the intended customers. Transparency in communication is must to flourish trust and brand loyalty. A lot of users navigate using Google, Yahoo, or links in e-mail. So, businesses need to optimize visibility on these. Also they need to ensure that their content is of high enough interest, quality, or value that it will serve as link bait or bookmark bait. (Burns, 2007) A research by ExactTarget and Ball State University says that Internet users, aged 18-34, are more influenced by direct email and mail rather than marketing on social networks (Leggatt, 2008). This highlights that creating trust is an absolute must for an marketing strategy to be successful. Participation in social media needs much more work than just signing up for an account and then posting the details of lunch or dinner. It is very essential to hear feedbacks, reviews and conversations of customers. It will be very helpful to find out who is passionate about the brand, and give them extra information which they can share with others. Vandegrift says. You dont have to pay people. Just find out who really cares about you and give them some access. (Perlik, 2009) Restaurants should also be ready to respond to negativity. A quick and right response is required in times of negative feedbacks and publicity to hold erosion of any customer base. Above all, restaurants should always have something interesting to add to the conversation. Just listing menus makes the posts boring. Readers should be provided unique information which they cant find elsewhere. Restaurants like Cafe 21 can offer insider discount deals and promotions or something interesting now and then. (Perlik, 2009) Conclusion All businesses aim to increase their customer base. Before the Internet, many spread the word through word of mouth. Social marketing has now taken over as the online version of word of mouth. Harnessing it, in the right way will results in more customers, more sales, and a higher level of visibility online than ever before. (me, 2010) With the Net, a new way of conducting business is available, but it doesnt change the laws of business or most what really creates a competitive advantage. The fundamentals of competition remain unchanged. Michael Porter (cited in Newing, 2002) Advertising on social networking sites have clear advantages but still businesses should move forward with caution regards to ethical amd moral issues. The advertising should be just enough to promote the brand and expand customer base and also should not invade privacy of the users of that site. Cafe 21 group should go ahead with marketing on social media. It will open a new medium to connect with customers, but they should understand that this can not be the full marketing strategy. They still need to have traditional strategic marketing plans to maintain competitive advantage. Current Issues in Marketing Current Issues in Marketing Marketing is the process by which the producer and consumer communicate to enable the producers to sell their products to the consumers. The producers engage in introducing their brands to the prospective or already existing customers, informing them of the various specifications which make their products to stand out from the rest (Jaworski et al. 2016, n.d). Due to the evolution of time, the marketing sector in the business industry is currently facing many challenges with the rise of digitized marketing. The increasing use of social media platforms as tools for marketing has caused a drastic change in the manner of strategies for marketing drawn by various companies (McDuffee 2014, n.d). The revision of the strategies is to ensure that despite the changes, the producers are still able to retain their market share or if better, improve it. According to Russ Klein, the chief executive officer at American Markets Association, he highlights that the digital transformation in the contemporary marketing world has become a problem, more than it is of benefit (Jaworski et al. 2016, n.d). Digital transformation has contributed much in more in adding to managerial problems due to the narrow perception in handling the transformation. As time goes by, it is not only the marketing strategies that shift but also the manner in which the various businesses handle their issues. Communication methods, internal crowd-source innovation, among others keep changing hence marketing must also conform to the strategies employed by the business in handling its businesses (Jaworski et al. 2016, n.d). Within the same scope, one should also realize that the business models shift with regard to digitization hence marketing of products might not be as simple as it was in the past. When considering the strategic marketing plan, the company must take into consideration various aspects of the market to ensure that the plan is suitable to counter the competition in play. Previously, planning was based on the positioning statements, proper branding, and the 4 Ps which are currently being ignored by many due to the introduction of methods such as content marketing, marketing automation, SEM, among others (McDuffee 2014, n.d). The introduction of these methods, particularly social media marketing, has caused a number of people to ignore the basics of marketing, hence drawing plans that might influence negatively on the future. Working without a strategic plan is compared to engaging in the construction of a building without a blueprint and as a result a business may not achieve much (McDuffee 2014, n.d). Every proper strategy should ensure that the business model, objectives, and brands are taken into consideration to pave way for better structured marketing strategi es. Currently, businesses are more focused into rushing to social media platforms to make known what they deal in (McDuffee 2014, n.d). such actions make their businesses appear as having become a campaign with no strong basis. In spite of the modern marketing strategies that are in place, the basics of conducting business have not changed. People engage in the exchange of goods and services, just as before, and as a result the old methods, now termed as obsolete, are still applicable. The improvement in the level of technology in use in conducting businesses has led to the digitalization of every procedure including marketing. In particular, the use of social media platforms is currently a marketing trend that has taken the business industry by storm, yet might not be as productive if other forms of marketing are not jointly involved. To achieve a marketing advantage, the entrepreneur should not narrow their mind to this form of marketing only, but also improve the old fashioned techniques. References Jaworski, B., Malcolm, R., Morgan, N. (2016). American Marketing Association: 7 big problems in the marketing industry. Marketing News. [Online] In http://www.ama.org/publications/MarketingNews/Pages/7-big-problems-marketing.aspx   Accessed 9/1/2017. McDuffee, B. (2014). Editorial strategy and planning: Go back to the future with strategic marketing plans. [Online] Created 14/1/2014. In http://contentmarketinginstitute.com/2014/01/back-to-the-future-strategic-marketing-plan/   Accessed 9/1/2017.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Veterans Essay -- Post-traumatic st

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), originally associated with combat, has always been around in some shape or form but it was not until 1980 that it was named Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and became an accredited diagnosis (Rothschild). The fact is PTSD is one of many names for an old problem; that war has always had a severe psychological impact on people in immediate and lasting ways. PTSD has a history that is as long and significant as the world’s war history - thousands of years. Although, the diagnosis has not been around for that long, different names and symptoms of PTSD always have been. Some physical symptoms include increased blood pressure, excessive heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, nausea, diarrhea, problems with vision, speech, walking disorders, convulsive vomiting, cardiac palpitations, twitching or spasms, weakness and severe muscular cramps. The individual may also suffer from psychological symptoms, such as violent nightmares, flashbacks , melancholy, disturbed sleep or insomnia, loss of appetite, and anxieties when certain things remind them such as the anniversary date of the event (Peterson, 2009). Examples of PTSD can be found as early as in ancient Greek and Roman history, for example the Greek historian Herodotus mentions â€Å"an Athenian warrior who went permanently blind when the soldier standing next to him was killed, although the blinded soldier was wounded in no part of his body† when he wrote about the battle of Marathon in 490 B.C. He â€Å"also writes of the Spartan commander Leonidas, who, at the battle of Thermopylae Pass in 480 B.C., dismissed his men from joining the combat because he clearly recognized they were psychologically spent from previous battles.-They had no heart for ... ...to gain economically (combined with veterans’ pride and distrust) accounts for the fact that of 830,000 Vietnam veterans with full-blown or partial PTSD, only 55,119 have filed claims, and the medical boards have only believed 28,411 (Triangle Institute study, July 1990) (Bentley, 2005)! Works Cited Bentley, S. (2005, March). Short History of PTSD. Retrieved 12 6, 2011, from Veteran: http://www.vva.org/archive/TheVeteran/2005_03/feature_HistoryPTSD.htm PBS. (n.d.). PBS Org. Retrieved 12 6, 2011, from The Soldier's Heart: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heart/themes/shellshock.html Peterson, D. (2009). From Shell shock to PTSD. Retrieved 12 6, 2011, from http://www.las.illinois.edu/news/2009/ptsd/ Rothschild, B. (n.d.). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder:. Retrieved 11 6, 20011, from http://www.healing-arts.org/tir/n-r-rothschild.htm